Turbine-motor.



No. 838,538. PATENTED DEG. 18, 1906.

KL P. HANGL,

l TURBINE MOTOR;-- APPLICATION FILED MAB..15. 1906.

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No. 838,538. PATBNTBD DEG. 18, 1906.

K. P. HANGL.

` 'TURBINE- MOTOR. lAPPLIMTION FILED M1115. 190e.

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A TTOHNE Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

KARL P. HANGL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TURBlNE-NIOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 18, 1906.

Application filed March l5, 1906. Serial No. 306,226-

. fication.

This invention relates to the class of motors or engines known asturbine-motors, wherein the flow of the fluid under pressure is axialand it has for its object to provide a motor of relatively inexpensiveconstruction which will operate with the maximum of economy inexpenditure of fluid in proportion to the yield of power or energy.

One of the important features of this motor is the large fluid-chamberin which each turbine or piston rotates and the means for regulating byhand the area of the exhaust.

Another feature is the means for shifting the rotary piston with itsdouble ring of blades for reversing, and another feature is the doublering of blades or buckets adapted to receive the impact of the fluidfrom the respective ends of oblique j et-passages.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of theinvention, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal axial section of themotor. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the motor-cylinder, showing arotary piston in elevation; Fig. 3, an elevation of that end of themotor seen at the right in Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of thering of buckets seen in dotted lines in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detail viewof the device for shifting the shaft. Fig. 6 is a face view of one ofthe partitions or diaphragms between the chambers.

The motor will be described as it is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, premising that the invention is not limited in all respects tothis construction so long as the instrumentalities employed are adaptedto operate on the same principle and will produce the same orsubstantially the same results.

The motor has a plurality of chambers A for the steam or other fluid andtwo fluidchests B, one -at each end. These chests and chambers aredisposed-in series. The chambers are inclosed by short cylindricalsections 1, forming the engine-cylinder, and the chests are formed byconcave cylinder-heads 2. The chambers are separated .by partitions ordiaphragms 3 and the whole cylinder bolted together through suitableflanges, as shown. Extending through the chests and chambers is arotatable shaft 4, and on said shaft in each of the chambers A is keyeda device which-may be called a rotary piston.

As the motor illustrated is adapted for re. versing, it will be sodescribed, although it might be constructed on the same principle bysimply omitting some of the parts to operate as a non-reversi ng motoror one wherein the reversing is effected exterior,to',`the motor orengine.

The rotary piston consists of two circular disks 5, bolted together backto back and having a diameter a little less than the interior diameterof the chamber A, in which it rotates. On the face of each disk isformed, preferably integral with the disk, a ring of turbine buckets,vanes, or blades 6, which project out from the plate and are boxedbetween outer and inner rings, Fig. l. The fluid may enter the chests Bat l inlets 7 and exhaust therefrom at outlets 8. It escapes from thechest and passes from one chamber A to the next in the series throu hoblique jet-nozzles or' port-passages 9 in t e diaphragms or plates 3,which separate the chambers. These jet -nozzles in the diaphragms havean Obliquity both in a radial and a lateral direction oblique to theradius. The object of this is to cause the fluid to impinve on thecurved buckets in a substantially perpendicular direction and in thedirection the buckets are moving. By reference to the drawin s it willbe noted that the curved buckets or lades are disposed in one series soas to receive the fluid properly when it is flowing in one directionthrough the nozzles 9 and that in the other series they are disposed soas to receive the fluid properly when it is flowing in the otherdirection. It isessential that the buckets receiving the fluid shallrotate in close proximity to the supplying-nozzles through which thesteam or fluid is flowing, and consequently when the motor is reversedthe disk carrying the buckets.- that is, the rotary piston-must beshifted, and this is effected by shifting the motorshaft 4longitudinally. This movement is effected simultaneously with theregulation of the fluid distribution. The means for effecting this willbe now described.

The shaft is provided with collars 10, keyed or otherwise securedthereon, and between these collars is rotatively mounted on the shaft aring l1, provided with trunnions IOO IOS

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12. To reduce friction, there are balls 13 between the ring 1 1 and thecollars, which form ball-bearings. A lever 14 of special form suppliesbearings for the trunnions 12, and this lever has a slotted fulcrumbelow at 15. Obviously by means of this lever 14 the shaft 4 may bemoved to and fro longitudinally without interfering with its rotarymotion.

ln order that the distribution of the steam orv other Huid may bechanged for reversing at the same time that the shaft is shifted, thetwo fluid-inlets 7 have supply-pipes 16, coming from a so-calledthree-way valve 17, whichv controls the supply of fluid coming from agenerator by a pipe 18, and the exhaust-outlets 8 are connected by pipes19 with a similar three-way valve 20, controlling an exhaust-outlet 21in common. On the stems of the respective valves 17 and 20 are pinions22 and 23, and these gear with the teeth on the respective edges of arackbar 24. This bar has a stem which is coue pled to the lever 14,whereby when the latter the face of the disk that carries them.

rotary piston occupies a relatively capacious` is operated to shift theshaft the rack-bar will act through the pinions to shift the threewayvalves 17 and 20, so as to change the admission of the uid and of theexhaust to lthe opposite ends of the motor or engine.

The pipe 18 will have in it a valve 25 for regulating the su ply offluid, and there will also be a stop-vallie 26 in the exhaust-pipe 21,so lthatdthe freedom of the exhaust may be reguate y The characteristicfeatures of this motor are these: The uid enters a steam or fluid chestB and is distributed from this chest in jets through the oblique nozzlesor portpassages 9 directly onto the turbine buckets or blades 6 of therotary piston. These buckets project out to their full extent from Thechamber A, which serves as a chest for the rotary piston in the nextsucceeding chamber. The several rotary pistons are in separate chambers,and the fluid after impinging upon the buckets must pass about theperipheries of the disks 5 before it can flow on to the next chamberbeyond. The two rings of buckets for driving in opposite directions areso disposed with reference to a single set of jet passages or nozzlesthat the same nozzles may-be employed for driving in both directions.Greater power and higher speed may be developed by confining orthrottling the exhaust within certain limits' than can be obtained witha free or full open exhaust, and the inlet for steam or fluid may beless in proportion to the pressure and the power developed than inturbine-motors as ordinarily constructed.

Respecting constructive features, the parts will in the main be leftrough, as the castings come from the sand, and Athis effects animportant economy.

As high fluid-pressures will be employed, the joints will be thoroughlypacked, as shown.

The number of chambers A in the motor is not important to the invention,nor the number of nozzles or jet-passages 9 in a diaphragm. There shouldbe at least two, and they should be equally spaced or distributed. Thechests B are of course chambers; but they are called chestsH mainly todistinguish them from the chambers A, in which the rotary pistons arelocated.

To drain the cylinder of Water of condensation, a pipe 27 is employed.This pipe has branches connecting with the respective chambers A.

G is the governor, controlling the throttlevalve.

The chamber A, enlarged in the direction of the motor-axis, is a veryimportant feature, especially in connection with manuallyoperated meansfor varying the exhaust-outlet. lt is believed that this advantage isdue to the fact that the rapidly-rotating turbine elements or rotarypiston in the chamber irnparts to the fluid in the chamber a rapidlygyrating or whirling movement and then increases the impact of itsparticles on the blades of the rotary piston. A good proportion for thechamber A is to make the length, measured along the motor-shaft, aboutonefourth of its diameter. Obviously this elongation of the chamber Aprovides room for shifting the rotary piston for reversing the engine.The rotating piston occupies only about one half of the space in thechambers.

Having thus described my invention, l claim- 1. A turbine-motor having a'cylinder with an inlet and outlet for the uid at each end thereof, aslidable shaft rotatably mounted in the axis of said cylinder, a rotarypiston in said chamber and fixed on said shaft, said rotary pistoncomprising a disk provided on each face with a ring of buckets toreceive the impact from the fluid, means for shifting the shaftlongitudinally in order to shift the rotary piston, in reversing fromone end of the chamber to the other, and means for changing the flow offluid through the cylinder when reversing.

2. A turbine-motor, having a cylinder divided into chambers bytransverse partitions provided with oblique jet-nozzles, one end of eachnozzle being nearer the motor-axis than the other end thereof, alongitudinally-slidable and rotatable shaft extending through thecylinder, rotating pistons on the shaft in the respective chambers, eachof said pistons comprising a disk with a ring of turbinebuckets on eachface, the said rings being at different distances from the shaft and onering adapted to receive the fluid from the outer ends of thejet-nozzles, and the other IOO ring from the inner ends of said nozzles,means for shifting the rotary pistons from one end to the other of saidchambers, and,

means for simultaneously changing the fluid distribution for reversing.

3. A turbine-motor, having a chambered cylinder, a shaft rotativelymounted in and extending through said cylinder which latter has inletsand outlets for the fluid at its respective ends, a rotary piston on theshaft within said cylinder, said piston comprising a ring ofturbine-buckets on each lateral face of a disk, means for shifting saidrotary piston in the chamber of the cylinder for reversing and means forchanging the distribution of the fluid in the cylinder.

4. A turbinemotor, having a cylinder which is divided into chambers bytransverse partitions each having in it oblique et-pas sages for theflow of a fluid, one end of each passage being nearer the motor-axisthan the other end, a shaft extending through said cylinderlongitudinally concave heads 2 on the respective ends of the cylinderand forming fluid-chests B, a fluid-inlet and fluid-outlet in each ofsaid heads, a rotary piston in each chamber and on said shaft, eachpiston consisting of two disks 5 secured rigidly together y back to backand each disk provided with a ring of turbine-buckets 6, one ring ofbuckets being disposed to receive fluid from the end of the jet-passageswhich is farthest from the motor-axis, and the other from the end ofsame which is nearest said axis, means for shifting said pistonlaterally in its chamber from one end thereof to the other, and meansfor simultaneously changing the distribution of the fluid in the motor,

5. A turbine-motor, having a cylinder, a rotatable shaft disposedaxially in the cylin der, means for moving said shaft endwise, a

fluid-chest B at each end of the cylinder partitions, for separatingsaid chests from t 1e interior of the cylinder and also for dividingsaid interior into chambers A, said partitions being provided withoblique jet-nozzles, rotary pistons, one in each chamber A and carriedby the shaft, each of said pistons consisting of a disk having on itsrespective faces rings of buckets adapted to receive the impact of thefluid from the respective ends of said nozzles, whereby the motion ofthe motor may be reversed, means for supplying fluid under pressure toeither of the fluidchests at will, and means for exhausting from eitherend of the cylinder at will.

6. A turbine-motor, having a cylinder composed of sections 1 and heads2, partitions 3, dividing said cylinder into pistonchambers A andfluid-chests B, said partitions having in them oblique jet-nozzles 9, aslidable shaft 4, axially disposed in the cylinder, rotating pistons onthe shaft in the respective chambers, said pistons each comprising adisk provided with a ring of buckets on each face, a fluid-supply pipe18, two pipes 16 to convey the fluid to the respective chests B, a valve17 controlling the flow of lluid to the pipes 16, exhaust-pipes 19 fromthe respective ends of the cylinder, a valve 20 controlling the flow ofthe `fluid throut h the pipes 19, means for moving the sha t andshifting the valves 17 and 2O simultaneously, for reversing, and acut-off device 26 for throttling the exhaust.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 12th day ofMarch, 1906, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

KARL l. HANGL.

l/Vitnesses:

WILLIAM J. Fmrn, H. G. HOSE.

